Try this topic, be of wide current research, but would continue to use this imitating CO2 gas hydrate, but less so than oil, because it has properties similar to natural.Considero gas, which is an alternative for the futuroincierto Oil:
Methane hydrates are a potential source of energy, which is becoming increasingly important given the gradual depletion of energy resources of the planet. Carbohydrates consist of crystalline inclusion compounds (clathrates) of water and methane ice-like, where water molecules form a three dimensional structure (host) that hosts inside the molecule of methane (host). Type composition would consist of 5.75 molecules of water surrounding a methane molecule. Their training takes place at low temperatures (< 0ºC) y presiones moderadas o altas. Los yacimientos de hidratos de metano se encuentran en las plataformas continentales de los mares y océanos, y el manto de las zonas árticas. Intervalos típicos de formación de hidratos de metano son profundidades entre 280 – 4000 m, temperaturas entre 273 (280 m) y 296 K (4000 m), y presiones entre 4,14 (280 m) y 41,4 MPa (4000 m).
The interest of methane hydrates as an energy resource is evident by the presence of methane in its composition. It is the cleanest fossil fuel to the environment due to its high H / C with a growing aplicabilidade not only as fuel but also as a chemical feedstock. Moreover, the potential volume available for methane hydrates is enormous. It is estimated that there are some approximate reserves of methane hydrates as 13,000 Tm3 (T (tera ) = 1012) while the existing capacity of conventional methane deposits is estimated at 180 Tm3. Also, the total volume of methane hydrates indicated approximately twice the rest of fossil fuels worldwide. Their geographical distribution is also interesting because it is a resource less concentrated than oil and natural gas today. The sites recorded to date are in the Arctic and offshore platforms from almost all continents, with a greater number of countries could have direct access to this energy source.
Obtaining methane from hydrates thereof raises a number of technical problems. A first problem is related to the appropriate detection and quantification of deposits. The preferred method is to carry out seismic reflection profiles, particularly in the procedure called BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector "simulated reflection of the fund"), which distinguishes between different geological layers of the substrate depending on their degree of acoustic impedance . Once detected the site, also interested in determining the nature of the mineral deposits which is normally associated with exploration and extraction of samples in situ. The methane hydrate reservoir may consist of a large separate bag or rather (and this is the most common situation), presented occupying the spaces between the different sedimentary layers. The importance of sediment should not be underestimated since it is easier the extraction of methane hydrate in the sediment if the grain is coarse rather than fine. In the latter case requires more time and financial effort is considerably higher. Also, the chemical nature of the sediment affects the hydrate crystal habit and ease of nucleation and crystallization, and thus its potential decomposition. One line of research currently under development and very interesting laboratory is to determine the stability intervals (Pressure, temperature, composition, diffusion) of methane hydrates in different porous media and chemical composition. In this way, we can determine the kinetics of formation / decomposition and the potential catalytic effect of impurities. These data are of extraordinary value in order to assess the real potential for exploitation of the deposit.
However, the main economic problem is the extraction of methane from its hydrate for separation and subsequent use. Both are the direct heating or depressurization. The first alternative is considered the most feasible from an economic point of view and seems to be already being implemented in a field in Siberia. The second route requires heating the reservoir, which can be done by introducing a heating agent (steam). However, the high depths at which to drill (> 300 m) make feasible the application of heat directly from the surface to the bottom of the site due to energy losses occurring during transport. An ingenious solution to this problem and could make a viable alternative to direct heating is suggested by the American company, Precision Combustion. This company has developed a boiler that could be introduced directly into the field, generating enough heat to melt releasing methane hydrate. The boiler incorporates a proprietary catalytic combustion based on a platinum catalyst, which allows controlled burning at low temperature in the reservoir (by the presence of catalyst). According to his calculations, the boiler would consume only 15% of methane released to heat, the economic balance being 50% more favorable than the possibility of introducing heat directly from the surface. The company also claims that this technology would remove CO2 from the environment and kidnap in the reservoir of methane hydrate. The reasons they provide is the greater stability of CO2 hydrate in relation to the methane exist even at higher temperatures. Also, the heat of formation of CO2 hydrate (exothermic) is greater than the heat of dissociation of methane (endothermic), being possible the ability to "hijack" or storing the CO2 generated during combustion and even enter from the surface . However, the company notes that the technique has been developed in the laboratory and is still under real technical operation. As you can see, the existing volume of methane hydrates and shortages of energy resources has become the medium term research on mining techniques in a field with a brilliant today and present.
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